1️⃣ ISRO: CFD Applications in Space Science 🚀
ISRO uses CFD simulations in various projects related to rocketry, re-entry vehicles, aerodynamics, and propulsion systems.
✅ Key CFD Applications in ISRO
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Rocket Aerodynamics & Re-entry Simulation
- CFD is used to analyze airflow, pressure, and heating effects on launch vehicles like PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3.
- Re-entry vehicles (Gaganyaan Crew Module) undergo hypersonic flow simulations to predict shock waves and thermal loads.
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Propulsion & Combustion Analysis
- CFD helps in designing cryogenic, semi-cryogenic, and solid rocket engines.
- Combustion chamber simulations predict fuel mixing efficiency and pressure variations in engines like Vikas and CE-20.
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Hypersonic Vehicle Simulations
- Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) and Scramjets require CFD to analyze Mach 5+ speeds.
- ISRO’s Scramjet Engine Test Flight (ATV) used CFD to predict shock interaction and fuel-air mixing.
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Satellite Thermal & Fluid Analysis
- Thermal control systems use CFD to analyze fluid movement inside heat pipes.
- Cryogenic fuel behavior inside tanks is simulated for fuel sloshing and vapor formation.
🖥️ Software & Tools Used in ISRO
- OpenFOAM & Fluent – Used for general CFD analysis.
- ISRO’s In-house CFD Solvers – Developed for hypersonic flow and propulsion studies.
- ParaView & Tecplot – Used for visualizing simulation results.
- HPC Clusters – "SAGA" supercomputer is used for large-scale simulations.
💡 Example: ISRO used CFD to analyze the Gaganyaan Crew Module’s re-entry heating, ensuring astronauts survive high temperatures.
2️⃣ DRDO: CFD in Defense & Hypersonic Research 🛡️
DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) applies fluid simulations in missiles, hypersonic systems, naval hydrodynamics, and UAVs.
✅ Key CFD Applications in DRDO
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Missile Aerodynamics & Guidance
- CFD is used to simulate airflows around missiles like Agni, BrahMos, and Astra.
- Studies include drag reduction, shock waves, and stability analysis.
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Hypersonic Weapons & Scramjet Engines
- Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) used CFD for shockwave & heat analysis.
- Scramjet CFD simulations analyze airflow and combustion at Mach 6+ speeds.
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Naval Hydrodynamics & Submarine CFD
- DRDO’s naval research (NSTL, Visakhapatnam) uses CFD for submarine stealth, torpedo movement, and cavitation studies.
- Underwater explosions and sonar signal behavior are simulated.
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Tank & Aircraft Aerodynamics
- Arjun & T-90 tanks use CFD for dust flow, heat dissipation, and armor cooling.
- Tejas Fighter Jet & AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft) use CFD for stealth & aerodynamics optimization.
🖥️ Software & Tools Used in DRDO
- ANSYS Fluent & CFX – Used for general missile & aerodynamics analysis.
- OpenFOAM & SU2 – Open-source solvers for research & academic collaboration.
- DRDO In-house CFD Codes – Special codes for hypersonic & naval simulations.
- HPC Supercomputers – "Dhruva" & "Aditya" supercomputers for high-speed calculations.
💡 Example: BrahMos missile’s CFD simulations optimized supersonic airflow and shockwave interaction, improving missile performance.
3️⃣ Research Centers & Universities Involved
Many IITs, IISc, and DRDO labs collaborate on CFD-based aerospace & defense research:
🔹 ISRO’s VSSC (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) – CFD for rockets & re-entry.
🔹 DRDO’s ADA (Aeronautical Development Agency) – CFD for Tejas & AMCA jets.
🔹 DRDL (Defence Research & Development Laboratory) – Missile CFD research.
🔹 NSTL (Naval Science & Technological Laboratory) – Naval hydrodynamics & submarine CFD.
🔹 IISc Bangalore & IIT Madras – Hypersonics & scramjet simulations using OpenFOAM.
Conclusion
✅ CFD is a critical technology in ISRO & DRDO for aerospace and defense applications.
✅ ISRO uses CFD for rockets, re-entry vehicles, combustion, and thermal analysis.
✅ DRDO applies CFD in missiles, hypersonic weapons, submarines, and UAVs.
✅ India has strong research in CFD, with IITs, IISc, and DRDO labs leading innovation.
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